Ingestion

I for in

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Taking food into the body

Mouth

Teeth, lips, and tongue
Both physical and chemical digestion

Salivary Gland (唾液腺)

Make saliva - water, mucus, amylase
chemical digestion

Oesophagus (食管)

Tube connecting mouth to stomach

Peristalsis of muscles to move the food down: physical digestion
Has a sphincter muscle(括约肌) where it connects to the stomach
Trachea(气管): airway that connects mouth to lungs

Digestion

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Breaking large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

Physical Digestion

Biting, chewing grinding, cutting, emulsifying

Chemical Digestion

Enzymes, acids

Stomach

Strong, muscular walls for mixing the food with enzymes and mucus and storing food for a few hours

sphincter muscles both at the top and bottom of stomach; relax to let food through
Stomach cells produce: Mucus, Enzymes: protease, Hydrochloric acid: low pH to kill bacteria
Both physical and chemical digestion

Small Intestine - Duodenum

Next stop from stomach

Pancreatic juice(胰液) and bile(胆汁) are released by different organs into the duodenum
Contains enzymes:,
alkaline to neutralise
Both physical and chemical digestion

Liver and Gall Bladder

Liver produces bile, and gall bladder stores bile

bile is released into duodenum through a tube called bile duct
bile neutralizes the acidic mixture from stomach
also helps with physical digestion

Pancreas

Pancreas makes enzymes - lipase, protease, amylase that are released into duodenum

chemical digestion

Absorption

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Movement of small soluble molecules and mineral ions from small intestines into the blood

Through Diffusion, then Active Transport

Small Intestine - ileum

between duodenum and large intestine
Absorption of broken-down nutrients and water into the blood

Assimilation

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Nutrients are absorbed by individual cells and become part of the body

Egestion

E for exit

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Fiber and other undigested, unabsorbed materials remain in the intestines and are egested

Large Intestine - Colon and Rectum

Colon absorbs water and minerals (less than ileum)
Rectum stores undigested food as feces
Egestion happens through the anus

Alimentary Canal

A pathway or a track tat food passes through
contains muscles that can do peristalsis
Secretes mucus(粘液) form goblet cells

Accessory Organs

Food doesn’t pass through them
they make essential digestive enzymes