Particle Theory

Everything is made of particles
Particles are always randomly moving(Brownian motion) and have kinetic energy
flaccid plasmolyzed animal swollen shrivelled

Diffusion in Biology

Cell membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of cell.
One way of passive transport is diffusion
Solutes and gases can diffuse in and out

[!def]
the net movement of particles from ==higher== concentration to ==lower== concentration due to random movement.
Net movement: average or overall movement

Osmosis

definition: the diffusion of ==water== molecules from high water potential to low water potential across a partially-permeable membrane.

Active transport

definition: movement of molecules or ions through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration (against the concentration gradient) using energy from respiration.
Protein Carrier: With the help of ATP(Energy), it will change shape.

Used in plant absorbing the minerals.
During digestion, the villi in the small intestine absorb the soluble nutrients.